Advanced language practice with key pdf free download

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Report this Document. Flag for inappropriate content. Download now. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. The World Is Flat 3. Jump to Page. Search inside document. The first one has been done for you. Use your dictionary to check your answers. The car got stuck fast in the wet sand so we just left it there, 4 When it started raining, we all ran inside as fast as we could. Then fill in the name of the tense you have used. See the example.

Hii, Laura. Long time no see. How 2 go 3. Sorry to keep you. How long, 22 wait — 4. Tsincerely hope they the end of next month. Does anyone want a sandwich? No thanks, 1 just lunch. Where on earth shoes? They're awful!

Unfortunately, many university courses do not provide students the basic study skills, they really need. I'd go and see the doctor with that rash if the job. This is to express willingness or volition: e. If you'll clear the table, Ill wash the dishes, 2.

Look at the example given. Match the first half of the sentences in Column A with 2. What would you do if your car miles their endings in Column B then add an appropriate linking from anywhere? But supposing our train is late, how. Jack and Ruth sent their daughter toa private place ten miles away. Make any corrections that you think are necessary. See the example given, 1. You don't have to give me an answer right away. Think over it and let me know tomorrow. Could you look this article through and tell me what you think of it?

See the example provided. Where's the remote control? I don't know. I was just looking 3. Look, don't keep complaining to me about it If your steak is underdone, send.. Think for a while. Nina fainted in the heat and we had to bring. Look at the example provided. Don't you think you're a bit fora barbecue in that suit? Td allow an hour. S0 some people will have to be made redundant. I always.. One has been. In the following letter, ind the other 6 mistakes marked for you.

There are also 7 missing phrases. As you know, I'm still working at the same language school as before although now I'm in charge of marketing our courses in Europe! As it happens, I'm coming to Valencia next month and 3 favour desperately need the names, addresses and phone numbers of the directors of all the local English language schools and can't seem to get that sort of information in thie country.

See the examples provided. This is simply not true! Details of the new grant were last edition of the college magazine. The teacher said mnemonics can help you memorise things and to.. The headteacher could See the example given.

We really need an information about flights to Skopje. The modern life is complicated enough without more rules and regulations. They hope to can arrive before the start of the conference. Paul was in the hospital for three months after the accident. The shark which pushed silently through the seaweed and attacked the unsuspecting swimmers. There was an ominous silence as they entered into the room. It is either grammatically incorrect or it does not fit in with the sense of the text.

For each numbered line, find the unnecessary word and then write it in the space provided. The first two lines have been done for you.

An area is deep in the left frontal half of the brain used to process language has been pinpointed by a new brain-imager. Dr Julie Fiez, who first reported the work, believes brain-imagers will one day help to show'thab the causes of problems like dyslexia and determine strategies to overcome language in difficulties. When some people being studied were asked to lift their left index finger when they have heard a specific tone, word, syllable or vowel.

Others were asked only to listen without doing anything. Jane and Steve have what you might call a.. The decision to build the new motorway through the forest was met by The first one has been done as an example.

Mick likes playing tennis, but only if he wins! Hugo claims to be a strict vegetarian and sss he regularly eats chicken! Cars produce a great deal of pollution. The first letter of the missing word is given in each case to help you. Grab hens of my hand and I'll try and pull you out. He thinks a box of chocolates counts as a generous wedding present!

Alocal woman u swimming in the bay. She said sharks had been seen there recently 4 Most people regarded his refusal to answer the question a8 a9 his guilt 5. The workers were rather cynical after the meeting. Most of them were wn. The information in his letter is correct but the style is far too informal.

Rewrite the letter in a more formal style and include the phrases in the box below. Tam writing to express my concern about I must insist that you I must urge you to.. In the following sentences some of the underlined verbs are spelt incorrectly.

Correct any mistakes, as in the example. William is studing modern languages. He hopes to become an interpreter. It occurred on a sunny afternoon, with excellent visibility and practically no wind. Jim and Fay don't seem to be getting on very well these days, they're always argueing about something. Excuse me, Professor. Could you repeat the name of, that German scientist you refered to earlier? When I was a boy, I plaied rugby not football. You really must stop disagreeing with everything I say!

Get this room cleaned up at once! An example is given. You might have to show some sort of ID. Proof of identity may 3. You can't pay by cheque unless you've got a guarantee card. All cheques must Flash photography 5 You should tell the manager if you've got anything to complain about. All complaints The successful applicant 7 You've got to pay for everything within ten working days.

No compensation 10 They don't let kids in without a grown-up. You look really scruffy. Can't you tuck your shirt your trousers at least? The main part of the house is very old.

It dates more than years, 4 The sudden movement of the train threw me Brica is an excellent colleague. She goes.. We've decided to switch electricity solar power in an attempt to be more eco- friendly. Across 1 If severe weather or a transport problem prevents you from leaving a place, you are. Violent form of 8 across with strong circular 9 across. Very strong 9 across.

A great amount of water in a place that is usually dry. Apile of snow blown up by 9 across. Periods of dry weather causing suffering and hardship. A violent hurricane that occurs in the western Pacific. To die under water because you can't breathe. Words and phrases with no label are of neutral register.

Word Register Synonym lesion podgy bananas adi pen v wireless n larceny pretty adv court v notwithstanding 10 nosh-up We would rent a small boat and go fishing every day. I've been hoping I'd see you. I've got some good news! It was constantly chasing the cats next door Every day we were exploring the city, and in the evening we were going to exciting bars It was growing darker and colder, and there was still no sign of the rescue helicopter All we have to do is wait here until someone will find us.

Are you quite sure it was fresh? The agent may or may not be mentioned. My purse was found by one of the cleaners. A new road has been built. An object which causes something to happen is called an instrument, introduced by with. He was hit on the head with a hammer.

Verbs with two objects Verbs which have two objects can be made passive in two ways. A note was handed to me. Other common verbs of this type are: bring, give, lend, pass, pay, promise, sell, send, show, tell Verbs with object and complement Some verbs have a noun or adjective which describes their object. We elected Jim class representative. Everyone considered him a failure. When these are made passive, the complement goes directly after the verb. Jim was elected class representative.

He was considered a failure. Verbs which can't be passive Most verbs with an object transitive verbs can be made passive: e. However, a few transitive verbs may not be used in the passive. These include: become, fit be the right size , get, have, lack, let, like, resemble, suit. Verbs with no object intransitive can not be passive: e. Therefore it is not possible to say The tree was fallen'. Instead the sentence must be active: The tree fell. Using and not Change of focus mentioning the The passive can change the emphasis of a sentence.

My wallet has been taken. In this case, there is no point in adding an agent: 'by somebody'. Generalised agent If the subject is 'people in general' or 'you' the agent is not mentioned. Bicycles are widely used in the city instead of public transport. Obvious agent If the agent is obvious or has already been referred to, it is not mentioned. Linda has been arrested! Unimportant agent If the agent is not important to the meaning of the sentence it is not mentioned. Impersonality Using the passive is a way of avoiding the naming of a specific person who is responsible for an action.

In descriptions of processes, there is emphasis on the actions performed rather than on the people who perform them. Then the packets are packed into boxes of twenty-four. Complete the second sentence. The huge stadium by the crowd. Since the computer the work of accountants simplified. It that the shop should close.

Your drinks in a moment. This window a knife. After your complaint , you will hear from us. Their engagement in the local paper. Nothing David again.

At least that is what is written on the menu. It think to be nearly twice the size of the largest existing field. BAN g They took Chris to court for dangerous driving. Dear Mrs Patel, We are delighted to inform you that you 1 select for a free holiday.

According to our information, you 2 answer a telephone survey last month, as a result of which your name 3 enter in the holiday draw. Now our computer 4 choose your name, so you and your family 5 invite to spend a week in a European destination of your choice.

This offer 6 make on the condition that you attend a special promotions day with other lucky families in your region who 7 offer a similar deal. You 8 ask to attend on any Saturday next month at the Royal Hotel, Manchester.

If you 9 interest in attending and taking up this offer, please 10 detach the slip below and return it to us as soon as possible. Put the verbs in brackets into a suitable passive verb form. After 3 months we'll get the opinions of all staff. We'll look at feedback comments and make a decision. We may try it for another month. All workers will have to arrive We hope you like the idea!

After this period 2 elapse all members of staff 3 consult through their line manager, and feedback 4 seek. Comments 5 collect and analysed before a decision 6 make as to whether the system 7 adopt permanently or not. Alternatively, the trial period 8 extend for a further month.

All employees 9 require to arrive between the hours of 8. It 10 hope that this arrangement meets with your enthusiastic approval! It can also describe something unfortunate that happens to someone. Get is more likely to be used than have when: i there is a feeling that something must be done. Get your hair cut!

Note that get should not be used in the present perfect passive, where it would be confused with have got. Your hair needs cutting. Passive get Get can be used instead of be to form the passive in spoken language. Martin got arrested at a football match. With present reference, the passive is followed by the present infinitive. The criminal is thought to be in hiding in the London area.

Vitamin C is known to be good for treating colds. Smith is believed to have left England last week. People thought Sue had paid too much. Sue was thought to have paid too much. The police thought that the thief was still in the house.

The thief was thought to still be in the house. Everyone knows the portrait was painted by an Italian. The portrait is known to have been painted by an Italian. Mary is thought to be living in Scotland. The driver is thought to have been doing a U-turn. Somebody broke into our house. Our house was broken into. The train was packed with commuters. My boss made me work hard. I was made to work hard by my boss. Cover can also be followed by in. The furniture was covered in dust.

The living room had been decorated with flowery wallpaper. It is common in descriptions of processes, and in scientific and technical language in general. What do you think? I've just cut my hair at the hairdresser's.

We are painting our house at the moment. I'm having two teeth taken out tomorrow. We were made to tidy up by the teacher. Joy-riders are thought to have stolen the car. I'll ask someone to wrap this for you. Just a minute. I'll have to wrap this up for you. We haven't had the car serviced for a long time. We're putting in a new water-heater next week. Would you consider having your nose altered by plastic surgery?

We had checked the wiring with a qualified electrician. S Complete each sentence with a suitable preposition. A plane carrying 15 members of the government to a conference in Brussels 1 a small-scale fire earlier this morning. The plane 2 about 20 minutes into its journey when the fire occurred in the luggage area. It 3 how the plane caught fire, but initial eye- witness accounts confirm that a trail of smoke 4 coming from the under-carriage. The fire 5 rapidly under control, but the pilot 6 make an emergency landing.

Five people 7 treated for shock. The plane 8 with business people flying to Belgium. All passengers 9 stay behind for questioning after landing at a military airport in northern France. Police 10 treating the incident as suspicious. Make sure the words underlined do not appear. Nobody knows exactly when someone invented gunpowder. People know for a fact that the Chinese made rockets and fireworks long before people used gunpowder in Europe, which occurred at about the beginning of the thirteenth century.

We generally believe that gunpowder brought to an end the 'Age of Chivalry', since anyone with a firearm could bring down a mounted knight. In fact, people did not develop efficient firearms until the sixteenth century.

They used gunpowder mainly in siege cannon when people first introduced it. Later they used it in engineering work and in mining, but they found that it was extremely dangerous. Modern explosives have now replaced gunpowder, but we still use it for making fireworks, just as the Chinese did. If it was snowing, we stayed at home.

If you keep driving like that, you're going to have an accident. If you see Mark, tell him I'll ring him tomorrow. If I knew the answer, I'd tell you. If I was having a party, I wouldn't invite Marcia. The verb be usually takes the form were for all persons in these sentences, though was is used in everyday speech.

Note that in the first person it is possible to use should instead of would. If I left home, I think I should be lonely. If I had known you were coming, I would have met you at the station. If you come early, we can discuss the problem together. Hypothetical situations If I had the money, I could help you. Hypothetical past situations If you hadn't reminded me, I might have forgotten. With past events it adds a sense of regret. The second part of the sentence is often left out.

If only I had enough time! If only I hadn't drunk too much, this wouldn't have happened! I'll go ahead and get the tickets unless you call me this afternoon. This means if you call me this afternoon, I won't get the tickets.

See Grammar 13 for only if. I'll do what you say provided the police are not informed. Even if describes how something will happen whatever the condition. Even if it rains, we'll still go for a picnic. If you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me? This implies that I do not expect you to see Ann. If I were to ask you to marry me, what would you say? It is often used with should.

If you happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me? If you should happen to be passing, drop in for a cup of tea. If it weren't for Jim, this company would be in a mess. If it hadn't been for their goalkeeper, United would have lost. Will can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'insist on doing'. If you will stay out late, no wonder you are tired! It can go at the beginning or end of the sentence. If you hadn't given us directions, we wouldn't have found the house.

Thanks for your directions to the house. We wouldn't have found it otherwise. It is used in formal language, and must be followed by a noun form. If you hadn't helped us, we would have been in trouble. But for your help, we would have been in trouble. There is a possibility that Jack will be late. If so, I will take his place. Sit down, and I'll make us a cup of tea. If you sit down If interested, apply within. If necessary, take a taxi.

The room was well-furnished, if a little badly decorated. If we live in Australia, at least the weather be better! You know that if I have it, I lend it to you. If I decide to leave the office early, my boss call me after I've left! If you finish eating, I clear away the plates. Mr Jeffries, I have decided against a prison sentence in your case. You may walk free from this court on 1 that you report to Chesham police station every Friday for the next six months. Should you fail to 2 so, you will be given one warning; and if you persist 3 failing to meet this obligation, you will return to this court for a harsher sentence.

If you are 6 to attend because of illness, please note that a medical certificate must be produced, signed by your doctor, proving your state of health. You should realise that 7 for your previous good conduct, I would 8 had no hesitation in imposing a prison sentence.

And I shall not forget that if your friend had 9 intervened in the fight, you might 10 seriously injured the defendant. Use one or two words in each space. The words you need do not occur in the notes. If they don't pay in ten days we're going to have to go to the law.

If they're in financial trouble, they can get in touch with our Finance Dept. If they pay up we can keep their account open. If they don't we shall, if we really have to, close their account. If they have settled the account already, say sorry for this letter. On the basis of our goodwill, we are prepared to allow you another ten days to settle your account. However, if you 2 to pay your outstanding bills within ten days you 3 us with no alternative but to take legal action. That is, 4 we receive full payment by 20 March, we 5 steps to reclaim our money, plus compensation costs.

However, we will, if 9 , take the regrettable step of closing your account. We are sorry that the situation has come to this, but if you had paid your bills over the last two months, we would not be in this position now.

You 10 have settled your account in the last two days; if so, please accept our apologies for this letter. See Grammar 8. It's time we left. It's high time I was going. I wish I had a motorbike. I don't have one now. You are leaving. I am not going. I wish it would stop raining. The use with would is often used to describe an annoying habit. These are wishes referring to a past event, which cannot be changed.

This use of wish is common after if only to express regrets. I hope it doesn't won't rain tomorrow. I hope you 'll have a lovely time in Portugal on your holiday next week. It expresses preference about actions. Both I'd rather and I'd sooner are used with normal verb forms when comparing nouns or phrases.

I'd prefer it if you didn't go. However, I'd prefer is not followed by an unreal verb form in other situations. I'd prefer tea to coffee. I'd prefer you to go swimming rather than go jogging. As if, as though Real and unreal The verb form here depends on whether the situation is true or unreal. You look as if you're having second thoughts. He is having second thoughts. He acts as if he were in charge.

He isn't in charge. It didn't hit me. Note however, that the more colloquial like does not require this verb form change. Compare: You look like you've just seen a ghost You look as if you'd just seen a ghost. Suppose and Understood conditions imagine The conditional part of these sentences is often understood but not stated. Imagine we won the pools! Suppose someone told you that I was a spy! Imagine we'd never met! This has only one form, that of the infinitive, and there is no third person -5, or past form.

The verb be has be for all forms. They demanded that he leave at once. The school Principal suggested that he be awarded a scholarship. They demanded that he should leave. They demanded that he left, informal Formulaic These are fixed expressions all using subjunctive.

Typical expressions are: Subjunctives God save the Queen! Be that as it may Come what may I wish you would b I wish you were more interested in your school work. I wish you would c I wish I spoke more languages. I wish I could d I wish I had enough money to buy a car.

I wish I could e I wish they had more chess books in the library. I wish the library would f I wish there was some soap in the bathroom. I wish the cleaners would g I just wish my partner was a bit more romantic! She acts as if she own the place. I wish I go with you. Would that satisfy you?

What do you think they'll say? I wish we to the Grand instead. A contraction don't counts as one word. Dear Tom, Well, this time next week you'll be somewhere in Europe on a train. I'm sure any mum would worry! Actually, you're very lucky. I'd love to I often wish I 2 travelled more when I was younger. I really hope you 3 yourself, but do be careful, won't you? You're only 18 after all. Do take care with your money, won't you?

And I'd rather you 4 spend too many nights in your tent alone. It's so dangerous. I suggest you only 5 your tent in a proper camp site. I wish you 6 going quite so soon. It's a pity you 7 stay until after Dad's 50th birthday. But never mind. I wish Dad 8 be at the airport to see you off, but he's got some really important business that day.

Suppose we 9 out to see you in June?!! Just a thought. Anyway, just remember, if you get into any trouble, we're only a phone call away, and come what 10 , we'll always be there for you.

Employees protesting at the planned closure of the Magnet electronics factory have begun a protest outside the factory in Brook Road. It 1 reveal last week that production at the factory, where over 3, local people 2 employ , 3 transfer to the existing Magnet plant in Luton next month. Only a few new jobs 4 expect to be created.

Most of us here own our houses. How are we going to keep paying the mortgage and find a job? I wish I 9 know. If I catch this bus, I meet you. I'm hungry! If you tease the cat it scratch you! You must not leave the room before the end of the test.

In writing, should can be used to express a strong obligation politely. Guests should vacate their rooms by midday. I should think that model would sell quite well. It's strange that you should be staying in the same hotel! See Grammar 8 for similar uses in conditional sentences.

Could This could be the house. The situation couldn't be worse. It could be better. We could go to that new restaurant opposite the cinema. You can be really annoying, you know! Winter here can be really cold. Must and can't These refer to present time only. See bound to. In expressing certainty, they are opposites. This must be our stop. I'm sure it is. This can't be our stop. I'm sure it isn't.

See also Grammar 14 Emphasis. Nobody else is going to turn up now for the lesson, so you may as well go home. May is more common in formal language. The peace conference may find a solution to the problem. Try as I might, I could not pass my driving test. This means although I tried hard, I could not pass my driving test. We shall win! No player shall knowingly pick up or move the ball of another player. A: The phone's ringing. B: That'll be for me. You won't!

I will! A: I won't do it! B: Yes, you will! Would Would is often used in situations where a conditional sense is understood but not stated. Nobody would agree with that idea, if we asked them Life wouldn't be worth living without you.

Do you need to use the photocopier? Need you make so much noise? It's bound to rain tomorrow. Contractions can't count as one word. Bill: This 1 be the house, I suppose, number 16 Elland Way. Jane: I pictured it as being much bigger, from the estate agent's description.

Bill: Well, we'd 2 go inside. Jane: We 3 as well. Wait a minute. I 4 to just find my glasses. I 5 see a thing without them. Bill: I don't think much of it from the outside, to be honest. Jane: Yes, it 6 certainly do with a coat of paint or two. Bill: Rather you than me! I 7 like to have to paint it all! And the gutters 8 replacing. Jane: I 9 think they haven't been replaced since the house was built.

Bill: They 10 really be replaced every four years ideally. Jane: And I don't like that big ivy plant growing up the side. Ivy 11 get in the brickwork and cause all sorts of damage. Bill: I wonder if there's a lock on that big downstairs window? It looks very easy to break in to. Jane: There's 12 to be one, surely. Bill: Well, 13 we go inside? Jane: Do we 14 to? I think I've seen enough already. I 15 possibly live here. A We may know the answers tomorrow. B We should know the answers tomorrow.

It's rather late A You might not ring him now. It's rather late. B You'd better not ring him now. B You don't have to come if you don't want to. B You shouldn't work so hard.

B These must be the keys. B We can't lock the cat in the house for a week, g Ifs possible that the decision will be announced next week A The decision might be announced next week.

Why don't we go out to eat instead? A I know. We must go out to eat instead. B I know. We could go out to eat instead. You turn it on. I let you do it on your own. And the staff more helpful.

There's nothing else to do. Without them the garden the same. It George. And now you just sign on the dotted line. Write the word, or put a tick if the line is correct. I may as well be admit it - I'm a secret admirer of all things connected It's not with something you would want to admit to your 2 friends, but I can't imagine life possibly without my collection of model 3 trains and train memorabilia. You're probably thinking I must be done 4 some kind of nerd who stands around on chilly platforms all day 5 collecting train numbers, and yes, I have to admit for I've done my fair 6 share of that, but that's only a small part of it.

I can just love the feel of 7 railway stations, and I can cheerfully spend a whole of afternoon in 8 one, just walking around soaking up to the atmosphere of the place, 9 looking for things for my collection, and taking photos of new engines. I'd be too busy taking the train 12 down the coast - coastal routes can be an absolutely spectacular. I wouldn't miss it for all the world! The negative form is didn't have to and refers to an absence of obligation. See Grammar 9. The intonation should be friendly, as this is not a criticism.

We couldn't have been happier in those days. She could have gone to the party with her friends, but she didn't We couldn't have left the dog on its own.

When I was sixteen I could stay out till They might not have received our letter yet. There is strong stress on the words underlined. You might have told me my trousers were split! A: It was Jack who broke the vase. I am sure they did You can't have lost it. Surely you can't have eaten all of it! Surely you must have noticed it! Everyone was angry because Sam wouldn't turn off the television.

A: Someone called after you left but didn't leave a message. B: That would have been Cathy, probably. Needn't have and Needn't have done refers to an unnecessary action which was actually done. Adverbs and Adverbs such as well, easily, obviously, really, just are often used to emphasise modals modal expressions, in both present and past time.

You could easily have been killed. I might well decide to come. She obviously must have left. You couldn't really have managed without me. I might just take you up on that. It was supposed to be a secret. You told her! It landed by now. I haven't got one! You left your keys on the bus. I definitely said You cooked it for so long. I accept I been a little bit rude. You tell the police, you know, j Keep your fingers crossed!

The traffic warden noticed the car's parking ticket has run out! It was great! We have lost because of you. You have had some news by now! We have just stood by and done nothing. Some sentences are correct.

I shouldn't have gone to the bank after all. Some are negative. Dear Toshie, Thanks for sending back the book I lent you. You 1 read it already! You must be the world's fastest reader! Hope you enjoyed it. Well, the big news is, I decided not to go to Italy to take up my job offer.

Basically, moving there 2 meant a lot of upheaval and frankly I couldn't face the hassle. Maybe I 3 just gone, and been a bit more adventurous, and for sure, I've got mixed feelings about it, as if part of me wanted to go. Who knows, I 4 met the man of my dreams! But I didn't take the decision lightly. I 5 spent several weeks thinking about nothing else. Anyway, what's done is done. My other news concerns my Dad. You remember I was getting very worried because he'd been having dizzy spells and feeling all light-headed.

Well, I 6 worried - he's been diagnosed as suffering from low blood pressure, so he's on medication for that. The doctor said it's possible that his vegetarian diet 7 set it off. It's a pity you weren't here! You 8 been able to help Dad, with your interest in holistic medicine. You 9 given him some of your aromatherapy treatments. Anyway, hope to see you again before too long. By the way, guess who's getting married in June? I 10 known it would be her! It's typical; that girl has all the luck!

Never have I enjoyed myself more! See Grammar 14 for an explanation of this example. They are not usual in everyday spoken language. Compare: Never have I heard a weaker excuse! I have never heard a weaker excuse! Sentences of this type often contain comparatives. Rarely can a minister have been faced with such a problem. Seldom has the team given a worse performance. Rarely had I had so much responsibility.

They are usually used with past perfect, although no sooner can be followed by past simple. Note the words used in the contrasting clause. Hardly had the train left the station, when there was an explosion.

Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang. No sooner had I reached the door than I realised it was locked. No sooner was the team back on the pitch than it started raining. Only after posting the letter did 1 remember that I had forgotten to put on a stamp. Only Mary realised that the door was not locked. On no condition are they to open fire without a warning. Not until I got home did I notice that I had the wrong umbrella.

So devastating were the floods that some areas may never recover. This makes the conditional sentences more formal and makes the event less likely. If- Were they to escape, there would be an outcry. If the police had found out, I would have been in trouble.

Were the police to have found out, I would have been in trouble. If you should hear anything, let me know. Should you hear anything, let me know. If he has cheated, he will have to be punished. Should he have cheated, he will have to be punished. If I had known, I would have protested strongly. Had I known, I would have protested strongly. We were short of money, as were most people in our neighbourhood.

I thought, as did my colleagues, that the recession would soon be over. B: So am I. B: Neither do I. See Grammar 14 for ways of giving emphasis without inverting after so. Well, ladies and gentlemen, we've done it again - another election victory. The last four years of office has been a wonderful time for the party, a tale of adversity overcome. But we survived that scare, and we came out of it stronger for the experience. The opposition claimed we were faltering. Then 3 came a fellow called David Rew, with his new breakaway Democratic party - but he didn't have much success in the opinion polls!

But rest assured, ladies and gentlemen, 9 will we rest on our laurels. There is no room for complacency in this government. And I am confident, 10 I'm sure are most of you, that the next four years will be a resounding success. Thank you. See Grammar 6 and 7. All roads to the north have been blocked by snow. This also involves putting the verb before the subject. Suddenly down came the rain! Up in the air went the balloon. Fronting involves changing the order of clauses in a sentence and putting first for emphasis a clause that would usually not be first.

Where the money is coming from, I don't know. Time phrases can vary in position, and are often put first because the time reference is important. At six o'clock Monica decided to phone the police. May clauses There is a type of may clause introduced by although which can be inverted.

It is a highly formal expression. Different parts of the sentence can be emphasised in this way. In speech, stress and intonation also identify the emphasis. It was Sue who borrowed my bike. It was last night that Sue borrowed my bike. It was my bike that Sue borrowed. Sentences with because are also possible.

It was because I felt ill that I left. Modal auxiliaries are also possible. You can't have read the same book. It can't have been the same book that you read. I hate rainy weather. What I hate is rainy weather. You need a holiday. What you need is a holiday. Peter left the windows unlocked. What Peter did was to leave the windows unlocked. They are destroying the environment. What they are doing is destroying the environment.

Clauses beginning all emphasise 'the only thing'. It was my own idea.